From Civil Defense to Emergency Management
In the 1970s, a series of natural disasters led planners to shift to a broader focus on emergency preparedness for a variety of calamities. A renewed effort to prepare for the evacuation of the Chicago Loop in the case of enemy attack took place after September 11, 2001.
In 1986 Chicago became one of dozens of municipalities to officially reject civil defense programs to prepare for nuclear attack. The city council revised the city code to declare such efforts “futile and dangerous.” The measure was a notable display of political consensus in an era when aldermen were engaged in the racially charged “Council Wars” and had threatened physical fights in other policy debates.